Planting and Sowing

October is perfect for setting the stage for next year and finishing autumn sowings:

• Spring bulbs: Continue planting daffodils, crocus, and hyacinths; plant tulips later in the month or into November.
  
• Garlic, onions, and shallots: Plant now for strong crops next summer.
  
• Autumn and winter salads: Sow hardy leaves like lamb’s lettuce, rocket, and winter purslane under cloches or in cold frames.
  
• Trees, shrubs, and hedges: Cooler, moist soil helps roots establish before winter.
  
• Perennials: Plant or move them while the ground is workable.
  

Soil Care and Mulching

• Spread organic mulch around beds, borders, and fruit trees to protect soil over winter.
  
• Dig over empty vegetable beds, incorporating compost or manure.
  
• Rake fallen leaves and add them to a leaf mould bin or bag for future use.
  

Supporting, Deadheading, and Cutting Back

• Deadhead dahlias, roses, and bedding plants until the first frosts arrive.
  
• Cut back faded perennials, but leave some seed heads (echinacea, teasels) for wildlife interest.
  
• Lift and store tender plants such as cannas, dahlias, and begonias once frost blackens foliage.
  
• Collect seeds from annuals to sow next year.
  

Lawn Care

• Clear fallen leaves regularly to prevent smothering.
  
• Continue mowing if the weather is mild, but set blades higher.
  
• Apply an autumn feed to strengthen roots for winter.
  
• Lay new turf or seed bare patches before the soil cools too much.
  

Fruit and Vegetable Maintenance

• Harvests: Apples, pears, pumpkins, squashes, leeks, and cabbages are ready.
  
• Pick fruit promptly and store apples and pears in cool, ventilated spaces.
  
• Lift and store maincrop potatoes in a dark, dry place.
  
• Cut down asparagus stems once they’ve turned yellow.
  
• Remove spent bean and pea plants, but leave roots in soil to release nitrogen.
  

Pests and Diseases

• Watch for grey mould (botrytis) in damp conditions.
  
• Check stored crops regularly for rot.
  
• Keep slugs and snails under control, especially around young seedlings.
  

Garden Structures and Upkeep

• Clean greenhouses and cold frames before winter use.
  
• Insulate with bubble wrap to protect tender plants.
  
• Check fences, supports, and sheds for storm damage.
  
• Clean tools and pots before storing.
  

Planning Ahead

• 
  Plant bulbs for a colourful spring display.
  
• Start winter containers with violas, pansies, cyclamen, and heathers.
  
• Order bare-root fruit trees and roses for planting next month.
  
• Make notes on crop rotations and beds to prepare for next year.
  

Final Thoughts

October is a month of harvest, clearing, and settling the garden for rest. It’s about storing what’s been grown, tucking the soil in for winter, and adding sparks of colour to see you through the darker days ahead. Whether carving pumpkins, planting garlic, or enjoying the glow of autumn leaves, October’s garden is one of quiet richness and preparation. 🍂